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Patient Triage and Guidance in Emergency Departments Using Large Language Models: Multimetric Study

Patient Triage and Guidance in Emergency Departments Using Large Language Models: Multimetric Study

First released to the public in November 2022 by Open AI, Chat GPT represents a significant milestone in making LLMs accessible to the general public. Due to its accuracy and ease of use, applications of Chat GPT in assisting humans have been advantageous.

Chenxu Wang, Fei Wang, Shuhan Li, Qing-wen Ren, Xiaomei Tan, Yaoyu Fu, Di Liu, Guangwu Qian, Yu Cao, Rong Yin, Kang Li

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e71613


A Practical Guide and Assessment on Using ChatGPT to Conduct Grounded Theory: Tutorial

A Practical Guide and Assessment on Using ChatGPT to Conduct Grounded Theory: Tutorial

Despite these challenges, Chat GPT can frequently adapt to the iterative and reflexive nature of grounded theory coding, even without training datasets [8]. Furthermore, Chat GPT can help explore different perspectives, aiding in theoretical framework development [3]. Nevertheless, there is no recent paper systematically exploring the application and effectiveness of Chat GPT in grounded theory, especially within the Chinese context.

Yongjie Yue, Dong Liu, Yilin Lv, Junyi Hao, Peixuan Cui

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e70122


Identification of Online Health Information Using Large Pretrained Language Models: Mixed Methods Study

Identification of Online Health Information Using Large Pretrained Language Models: Mixed Methods Study

Figure 3 presents the length similarity violin plot of explanation texts generated by the experts, Chat GPT-4, Chat GPT-3.5, i FLYTEK Spark, and Ernie Bot. According to the plot, the text lengths of Chat GPT-4 and Ernie Bot were closest to those of the experts’ explanation texts, showing more consistent text generation characteristics. In contrast, Chat GPT-3.5 generated the shortest texts, with its text length distribution significantly lower than those of the other models, indicating greater variability.

Dongmei Tan, Yi Huang, Ming Liu, Ziyu Li, Xiaoqian Wu, Cheng Huang

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e70733


Performance of 3 Conversational Generative Artificial Intelligence Models for Computing Maximum Safe Doses of Local Anesthetics: Comparative Analysis

Performance of 3 Conversational Generative Artificial Intelligence Models for Computing Maximum Safe Doses of Local Anesthetics: Comparative Analysis

Three of the most popular generative AI models: Chat GPT (Open AI), Copilot (Microsoft Corporation), and Gemini (Google LLC), were exposed to a questionnaire about LA dose calculation once in June 2024.

Mélanie Suppan, Pietro Elias Fubini, Alexandra Stefani, Mia Gisselbaek, Caroline Flora Samer, Georges Louis Savoldelli

JMIR AI 2025;4:e66796


Global Health care Professionals’ Perceptions of Large Language Model Use In Practice: Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Global Health care Professionals’ Perceptions of Large Language Model Use In Practice: Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Chat GPT usage based on participants’ age, gender, and country of work. Chat GPT usage based on participants’ years since graduation, length of work in the current unit, and profession. Of the 115 participants, 101 (87.8%) had heard of Chat GPT, mainly from social media (n=33, 32.7%) and peers or colleagues (n=43, 42.6%). Of those, 77 (76.2%) had used Chat GPT before, with 18 (23.4%) using it multiple times per day and 23 (29.9%) having tried it only a few times.

Ecem Ozkan, Aysun Tekin, Mahmut Can Ozkan, Daniel Cabrera, Alexander Niven, Yue Dong

JMIR Med Educ 2025;11:e58801


Clinical Value of ChatGPT for Epilepsy Presurgical Decision-Making: Systematic Evaluation of Seizure Semiology Interpretation

Clinical Value of ChatGPT for Epilepsy Presurgical Decision-Making: Systematic Evaluation of Seizure Semiology Interpretation

It is desirable to assess the clinical value of LLMs, such as Chat GPT, for interpreting semiology to localize EZ. Given that EZs can be categorized into 6 distinct brain regions, it is important to explore whether Chat GPT demonstrates varied precision at localizing these zones.

Yaxi Luo, Meng Jiao, Neel Fotedar, Jun-En Ding, Ioannis Karakis, Vikram R Rao, Melissa Asmar, Xiaochen Xian, Orwa Aboud, Yuxin Wen, Jack J Lin, Fang-Ming Hung, Hai Sun, Felix Rosenow, Feng Liu

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e69173


Designing Personalized Multimodal Mnemonics With AI: A Medical Student’s Implementation Tutorial

Designing Personalized Multimodal Mnemonics With AI: A Medical Student’s Implementation Tutorial

AI tools such as Chat GPT and DALL-E have demonstrated proficiency in generating creative and personalized content [7]. Chat GPT, a large language model, uses natural language processing to understand context and generate human-like text responses [8]. It can create diverse textual outputs, including various types of mnemonics. DALL-E, on the other hand, is an AI model designed to generate images from textual descriptions [9].

Noor Elabd, Zafirah Muhammad Rahman, Salma Ibrahim Abu Alinnin, Samiyah Jahan, Luciana Aparecida Campos, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu

JMIR Med Educ 2025;11:e67926


Comparative Performance of Medical Students, ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4.0 in Answering Questions From a Brazilian National Medical Exam: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study

Comparative Performance of Medical Students, ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4.0 in Answering Questions From a Brazilian National Medical Exam: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study

One well-known example is Chat GPT (GPT), introduced by Open AI in 2019 [1]. Unlike other AIs, it relies on large language models and deep learning, which means that the tool uses vast amounts of text processed through deep neural networks to analyze and generate natural language with a high degree of complexity and precision, learning and evolving from its own mistakes. Its popularity stems from its ability to synthesize and interpret complex texts and respond to users within seconds.

Mateus Rodrigues Alessi, Heitor Augusto Gomes, Gabriel Oliveira, Matheus Lopes de Castro, Fabiano Grenteski, Leticia Miyashiro, Camila do Valle, Leticia Tozzini Tavares da Silva, Cristina Okamoto

JMIR AI 2025;4:e66552


Comparing Artificial Intelligence–Generated and Clinician-Created Personalized Self-Management Guidance for Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: Blinded Observational Study

Comparing Artificial Intelligence–Generated and Clinician-Created Personalized Self-Management Guidance for Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: Blinded Observational Study

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) based on transformer architectures, such as Chat GPT (Open AI), Gemini (Google Deep Mind), and Claude (Anthropic), have emerged as promising tools in the medical domain [13].

Kai Du, Ao Li, Qi-Heng Zuo, Chen-Yu Zhang, Ren Guo, Ping Chen, Wei-Shuai Du, Shu-Ming Li

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e67830


The Effectiveness of a Custom AI Chatbot for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Health Literacy: Development and Evaluation Study

The Effectiveness of a Custom AI Chatbot for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Health Literacy: Development and Evaluation Study

Chat GPT specifically has been applied to patient education in T2 DM [14,19]. For example, in a study evaluating responses to T2 DM self-management questions, clinicians deemed Chat GPT’s answers appropriate in 98.5% of cases, rating its reliability as superior to that of standard search engines [14]. However, concerns remain about the potential for erroneous or harmful responses [16,20] and the general lack of transparency regarding the source of the information provided by Chat GPT.

Anthony Kelly, Eoin Noctor, Laura Ryan, Pepijn van de Ven

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e70131