Published on in Vol 27 (2025)

1 West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
2 Department of Industrial Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
3 Department of Nursing, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
4 Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
5 Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
6 Department of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
7 Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
*these authors contributed equally